According to Piaget. a famous author who has done numerous studies on the development of cognitive development of children is divided into four main phases: phase-motor, thought pre-operational, concrete operational thinking and formal speeches thinking.
A. sensorimotor stage (0-2 years)
The sensorimotor period between zero and two years. An important step is the recognition of form. It looks like a child excited about four months when he teaches his bottle or hisfavorite toys. Remember the joy is there, and he wants to.
Another sign of its development is to understand the causality: if I make an action that creates a result. Many toys are designed to help the child to assimilate the cause and effect. All activity centers, plans, porches and exercises all the toys with the outcome of this case produces a visible or audible signal. Baby repeating the movements necessary for the account of the impact and success.
The acquisition ofObject permanence is the age of about eight months. At this stage the child understands that an object to exist even if no one sees it continue. Experience in front of him a toy hidden under a blanket. If the child does not try to retrieve the toy by removing the cover, has not yet acquired the permanence of the object. Games cuckoo, surprise boxes or other toys to hide elements include that concept.
This is the era of exploration, the child learns from his experience andDiscoveries. He comes to understand some phenomena in order to force them to repeat and observe the results. Let it explore its environment, while safe. Facilities available to it various things accumulate, fit, rolling, jumping, etc..
Language
From its first months, the child must be communication. Listen carefully and stammered his way and produces all kinds of noises. It 'important to him, often, because even at the age of one year and talkincludes more than many words he uses.
Once the child begins to say something about a year, should be promoted through the provision of small cardboard pounds. He loves looking at the pictures and name what they represent your company. In two years, most children use three words to understand sentences.
B. Thought preoperative (2-5 years)
The next step is two to five years, is the intuitive thought or children in preschool operatively.The has an egocentricIt 'clear that work to say all the events and insights on and react according to him. An example illustrates this: A child is four years, convinced that the moon when it follows, is the guide.
The pre-logical thought means that it is capable, but the argument from experience and taking into account only one criterion at a time. If narrow again before him the same amount of water in a tall glass and a large glass, will ensure that there is more water in the glass tight. ItI can not believe the amount of liquid.
Two to five years is a period when the child is learning basic. He is able to draw objects with simple criteria: colors, shapes, sizes, textures. There may be two images or two similar objects that have a logical connection: the habitats and animals, opposites and sports accessories, crafts, tools, etc..
Symbolic games
But the most striking feature of this phase is the appearance of counterfeit games. The child isto play a position in an act passed by gestures and verbal expressions. To do this, it plays the role of fictional characters known or invented and reproduced or scenarios. pretend All the accessories are very popular for this age: medical bag, beauty, tools, costumes, set, cook ...
All these games have more toys with figures, animals, vehicles and dolls, the majority of playing time at that age. The representation of facts is also experienced with graphic representationActivities. This commits the entire development of creativity. The material used is different and can represent their ideas in a variety of ways to express all kinds of pens, paints, clay, collage etc..
spatial organization
This is the beginning of spatialization, the position of an object in space and learning space signals. Puzzles and games design offers familiarity with spatial relationships. By virtue of dealing with coins treated the child, the terms top, bottom, front,rear, etc.. Understanding these concepts will be crucial for spatial learning of the letter.
C. concrete operational thought (6-8 years)
The concrete operational thought is 6:00 to 8:00 years. This is the age of entry to school instruction in reading, writing, math and other skills. All learning can be treated as a development issue. The child is now able to classify or sort items according to complicated. It beginsunderstand the concept of time is so difficult to assimilate. Understanding the spatial and temporal relations can provide more elaborate designs and projects in the longer term. He can do more to think logically, taking into account the two criteria at once, which gives access to strategy games.
Now you can read and count, you can acquire a wealth of knowledge in various fields.
D. formal operational thought (9)
The end of the last stage, formaloperational thought is a sign of spiritual maturity almost complete. Older children, like adults, able to solve the assumptions and findings. Henceforth the tastes of the individual are the benefits in one sector or another to be determined. Whether in the sciences, arts or sports, develop skills for a zone or another.
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